Нэйтивизм в общественно-политической жизни США на исходе XIX столетия
.: Elson R. M. Guardians of Tradition:
American Schoolbooks of the 19th Century. Lincoln, 1964.
[28] Berquist J. M. The Concept of Nativism in Historical Study since
'Strangers in the Land' // American Jewish History. V. 76 (1986). P. 139.
[29] Higham J. Current Trends in the Study of Ethnicity in the United
States // Journal of American Ethnic History. V. 2 (1982). P.9.
[30] См. вступление к сборнику эссе: Ignatieff M. Blood and Belonging:
Journeys into the New Nationalism. N.Y., 1993.
[31] Katerberg W. H. Op. Cit. P. 497.
[32] Ibid. P. 514.
[33] Wiebe R. H. The Search for Order, 1877-1920. N.Y., 1967. P. 12.
[34] Kirkland E. Industry Comes of Age: Business, Labor, and Pulic Policy,
1860-1897. N.Y., 1961. P. 325-26.
[35] Brody D. Steelworkers in America: The Nonunion Era. Cambridge
(Mass.), 1960. Preface.
[36] См., например: Clark V. C. History of Manufacturers in the United
States. 3 vols. N.Y., 1929. Vol. 2. P. 447-48.
[37] Brody D. Op.Cit. P. 2-26.
[38] Brody D. Op.Cit. P. 27.
[39] Об этом см.: Boulding K. The Organizational Revolution: A Study in
the Ethics of Economic Organization. N.Y., 1953.
[40] Hofstadter R. The Age of Reform: From Bryan to FDR. N.Y., 1955.
P. 214.
[41] Hays S. P. The Response to Industrialism: 1885-1914. Chicago, 1957.
P. 48-71
[42] Ibid. P. 44.
[43] Hofstadter R. The Age of Reform: From Bryan to FDR. N.Y., 1955. P. 38-
56.
[44] Jaher F. C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism
// The Age of Industrialism in America: Essays in Social Structure and
Cultural Values. Ed. by F.C. Jaher. N.Y., 1968. P. 209-211.
* The Historical Statistics of the United States. Part 1. Series C 91-101.
Immigrants by Country: 1820 to 1970. P. 105-106.
[45] Briggs V. M. Immigration Policy and American Labor Force. Baltimore,
1984. P. 32.
* The Historical Statistics of the United States. Part 1. Series C 91-101.
Immigrants by Country: 1820 to 1970. P. 105-106.
* The Historical Statistics of the United States. Part 1. Series C 130-
136. Immigrants by Major Occupation Group: 1820 to 1970. P. 111.
[46] Brody D. Op.Cit. P. 120.
[47] Об истории американского города в этот период см. обзорную работу:
Mohl R. A. The New City: Urban America in the Industrial Age, 1860-1920.
Arlington Heights (Ill.), 1985.
[48] Twelfth Census of the United States. 1900. Vol. 1. Population.
Part 1. Washington, D.C., 1901. P. cx.
[49] Подробнее об этом см. в книге Аллана Краута.
[50] Mann A. Gompers and the Irony of Racism // Antioch Review. V. 13
(June 1953). P. 208-12.
[51] Ibid. P. 213-14.
[52] Hofstadter R. The Age of Reform: From Bryan to FDR. N.Y., 1955. P. 61-
88.
[53] Ibid. P. 88.
[54] The Cyclopedia of Fraternities. 2nd ed. N.Y., 1907. P. 290-309.
[55] Ibid. P. 311.
[56] Ibid. P. 313-315.
[57] Ibid. P. 301, 316.
[58] Lipset S.M., Rabb E. The Politics of Unreason: Right Wing Extremism
in America, 1790-1970. N. Y., 1970. P. 82.
[59] Curran T. J., Xenophobia and Immigration, 1820-1930. Boston, 1975.
P. 94; Davies W. E. Patriotism on Parade: The Story of Veterans’ and
Hereditary Organizations in America. Cambridge (Mass.), 1955. P. 295;
Dearing M. R. Veterans in Politics: The Story of the GAR. Baton Rouge,
1952. P. 408.
[60] The Cyclopedia of Fraternities. P. 213, 292, 309, 310 ff.
[61] Kinzer. Op.Cit., P.56-57.
[62] Ibidem.
[63] Принятое в американской литературе название представителей элиты из
Новой Англии.
[64] Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism.
P. 197.
[65] To F.S. Simpson, August 15, 1880 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters.
P. 47.
[66] Цит. по: Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial
Capitalism. P. 199.
[67] Ibidem.
[68] Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism.
P. 200; Norton to L. Stephen, January 8, 1896 // Letters of Charles Eliot
Norton. Vol. II. P. 236-37; To E.L. Godkin, July 21, 1900 // Ibid., II.
P. 293-294.
[69] Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism.
P. 203.
[70] Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism.
P. 206.
[71] To R. Grant, September 29, 1886 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters.
P. 66.
[72] To R. Tompson, December 17, 1893 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters.
P. 108-109.
[73] To R. Tompson, February 3, 1893 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters.
P. 107-108.
[74] Kelly R. The Cultural Pattern of American Politics: The First
Century. N.Y., 1979. P. 266, 269, 270; Solomon B. M. The Intellectual
Background of the Immigration Restriction Movement in New England // New
England Quarterly. V. 25 (1952). P. 47-59. См. стр. 57-58.
[75] Цит. по: Strout C. The American Image of the Old World. N.Y., 1963.
P. 141, 144-146.
[76] Цит. по: Ibid. P. 145.
[77] To Sir R. White-Thompson, April 4, 1898 // Barrett Wendell and His
Letters. P. 120.
[78] To Sir R. White-Thompson, September 12, 1898 // Barrett Wendell and
His Letters. P. 122.
[79] Higham J. Origins of Immigration Restriction, 1882-1897: A Social
Analysis // Mississippi Valley Historical Review. V. 39 (1952). P. 84.
[80] Gossett T. S. Race: The History of an Idea in America. Dallas, 1963.
P.58-60.
[81] Ibid. P.60-81.
[82] Squire S. An Enquiry into the Foundation of the English Constitution;
or, An Historical Essay upon the Anglo-Saxon Government both in Germany and
England. London, 1745; Turner S. The History of the Anglo-Saxons, from
Their First Appearance above the Elbe, to the Death of Egbert. London,
1799; Palgrave F. The Rise and Progress of English Commonwealth, 2 vols.
London, 1832; Kemble J. M. The Saxons in England. London, 1849.
[83] Bancroft G. The History of the United States from the Discovery of
the American Continent. Boston, 1860.
[84] Motley J. L, The Rise of the Dutch Republic, A History. N.Y., 1855;
William Hickling Prescott: Representative Selections with Introduction,
Bibliography, and Notes. N.Y., 1943; Lieber F. On Civil Liberty and
Government Philadelphia, 1859; Francis Parkman: Representative Selections,
ed. William L. Schramm. N.Y., 1938.
[85] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.101-102.
[86] Ibid. P. 105.
[87] Adams H. B. The Germanic Origin of New England Towns // John Hopkins
University Studies in Historical and Political Science. V. 1 (1883) Section
2. P. 5-38.
[88] Burgess J. Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law, 2
vols. Boston, 1890. V.1. P.33, 37-38. Хорошим свидетельством его расистских
воззрений является речь в Кельне 1906 г., см. Burgess J. W. Reminiscences
of an American Scholar. N.Y., 1966. P. 381-400.
[89] Dyer T. G. Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race. Baton Rouge,
1980. P.19, 168.
[90] Ibid. P. 14.
[91] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.115-117
[92] Анализ взглядов известных историков на эту тему см. в: Saveth E. N.,
American Historians and European Immigrants, 1875-1925. N.Y., 1965.
[93] Цит. по: Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P. 95.
[94] Dyer T. Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race. P. 23.
[95] Dyer T. Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race. P. 29.
[96] Commons J. R. Races and Immigrants in America. N.Y., 1907. P. 12.
[97] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P. 145.
[98] Об этом он пишет в: Spencer H. The Man Versus the State. N.Y., 1884.
[99] Цит по: Youmans E. L., ed., Herbert Spencer on the Americans, and the
Americans on Herbert Spencer. N.Y., 1883. P.19-20.
[100] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.152; Spencer
H, Principles of Sociology. N.Y., 1890-96. V.2, part 3. P.584-85; Life and
Letters of Herbert Spencer, ed. David Duncan. N.Y., 1908. V. 1. P.380-81.
V.2. P. 121, 135-36, 190.
[101] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.153.
[102] Ibid. P.154.
[103] Sumner W. G. The Challenge of Facts and Other Essays. N.Y., 1914.
P.302-3.
[104] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.154.
[105] Galton F. Inquiries Into Human Faculty and Its Development. 2nd ed.
London, 1951. Introduction.
[106] Galton F. Hereditary Genuis: An Inquiry Into its Laws and
Consequencies. 3d ed. London, 1914. P. 413.
[107] Himmelfarb G, Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution, 2nd edition.
N.Y., 1962. P.402.
[108] Galton F. Hereditary Genuis: An Inquiry Into its Laws and
Consequencies. P. 392.
[109] Ibid. P. 398, 413.
[110] См., например: Bell A. G. How to Improve the Race.// Journal of
Heredity. V..5 (January 1914).
[111] Цит. по: Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.159.
[112] Об их взглядах см.: Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in
America. P.160 ff.
[113] Барбара Соломон заметила, что в 1850-х годах бостонцы не
поддерживали «ннезнаек», в то время как последние не предлагали ограничить
иммиграцию. Solomon B. M. The Intellectual Background of the Immigration
Restriction Movement in New England. P. 48.
[114] Heald M. Business Attitudes Toward European Immigration, 1880–1900
// Journal of Economic History. V. 13, 1953. P.291-304.
[115] Ibid. P. 303.
[116] Boston Clothing Trade Advisory Board. Some Facts of Interest to
Boston Clothing Merchants. Boston, 1889 // Immigration Restriction League.
Newspapers Clippings, Collected by the Immigration Restriction League
Related to Immigration. MD, HL, HU. Исследование представителей бостонских
представителей отрасли посвящено «потогонным» мастерским Нью-Йорка. Цифры,
подтверждающие уменьшение отрасли более чем в два раза и ее уход на второй
план см. в: United States. Twelfth Census. 1900. Manufacture. Part 1.
Wash., 1901. P. cclxxxv-vi, Table XVII; P. ccxxxviii-iv, Table XVIII..
[117] Hourwich I. A. Immigration and
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